07/06/2020

A Dataset of Fact-Checked Images Shared on WhatsApp during the Brazilian and Indian Elections

Julio C. S. Reis, Philipe Melo, Kiran Garimella, Jussara M. Almeida, Dean Eckles, Fabrício Benevenuto

Keywords: collection, communities, distinct, elections, fake, fake news, groups, images, images shared, indian elections, memes, misinformation, news, shared, spread, stories

Abstract: Recently, messaging applications, such as WhatsApp, have been reportedly abused by misinformation campaigns, especially in Brazil and India. A notable form of abuse in WhatsApp relies on several manipulated images and memes containing all kinds of fake stories. In this work, we performed an extensive data collection from a large set of WhatsApp public groups and the websites of fact-checking agencies. This paper opens a novel dataset to the research community containing fact-checked fake images shared through WhatsApp for two distinct scenarios known for the spread of fake news on WhatsApp: the 2018 Brazilian elections and the 2019 Indian elections.

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